Main causes
- Freeze-thaw cycles on saturated brick
- Hard Portland cement mortar trapping moisture
- Non-breathable paint or sealers
- Pressure washing or sandblasting
- Leaking gutters, missing caps, or bad flashing
How to fix it
Replace spalled bricks with matching units, repoint with compatible mortar, and fix the water source. Flipping bricks to show their inner face is an old trick that works only for solid, unglazed brick.
Preventing more damage
Maintain gutters, cap chimneys, and use breathable repellents on exposed walls.
Frequently asked questions
Is spalling brick structural?
Minor spalling is cosmetic; widespread spalling weakens the wall and should be addressed.
Can spalled brick be patched?
Small areas can be patched with restoration mortar, but replacement is more durable.
Why is only my chimney spalling?
Chimneys are exposed on all sides and get the most freeze-thaw cycles.
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